Leon Trotsky - 1373 Words

Evaluate the impact that Leon Trotsky had on national and international history. Lev Davidovich Bronstein was a major political figure in the turn of the twentieth century for the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialists Republics) aka Russia. Bronstein’s impact was greater with national history than international history. He was born on November 7, 1879, Ukraine (Yanovka) and later changed his name to Leon Trotsky, the name of his prison guard at Odessa prison whilst in exile in Siberia. Trotsky was introduced to Marxism at a young age of 17 at a school in Nikolayev. Marxism is a political ideology crated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that presents the idea of having a revolution involving violence in order to obtain a classless society.†¦show more content†¦This was a large mistake. Joseph Stalin, was hopeful in the case that his will was not to be published as Lenin wrote quite degrading comments about him, asking for him to be â€Å"removed†, creating a possibility that he may lose his reputation instantly. Trotsky and the rest of the Polit buro underestimated Stalin and his ability to rise above them, therefore placing Stalin in a comfortable position to take control. This, was the beginning of Trotsky’s downfall. Failing to use the reputation of being a strong leader to his advantage, Trotsky lost all power to Stalin, resulting in the most vicious age of Russian history. Once Stalin had total control, he expelled Trotsky from the Communist Party and ordered for him to be assassinated, and on the 20th August 1940, he was attack with an ice pick by Ramon Mercader and died in hospital the next day. That was the end of Leon Trotsky and his impact on history. It can be argued that Leon Trotsky’s naà ¯ve personality is what failed him in the attempt to achieve power, but through his intelligence and sturdy leadership, he shaped the Russian and International history to the way it is today. Through his main roles as ‘Commissar for Foreign Affairs’, ‘Commissar for War’ and the political position in the Politburo, Trotsky impacted society by his efforts in control and fight for power, and his aim to spread his communist ideals of ‘comintern’ (CommunistShow MoreRelatedLeon Trotsky2722 Words   |  11 PagesTrotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein on November 7, 1879, in what is today known as Ukraine. He was the fifth child of a wealthy farmer, David Leontyevich Bronstein, and Anna Bronstein. The family was ethnically Jewish but not religious. At the age of nine, Trotsky was sent to Odessa to attend school, and as Deutscher points out in his biography, ‘Odessa was then a bustling cosmopolit an port city, very unlike the typical Russian city of the time. This environment contributed to the developmentRead MoreAssasination of Leon Trotsky516 Words   |  2 Pages The Assassination of Leon Trotsky During the power struggle in Russia, an escaped prisoner of the name Lev Bronstein, was murdered on August 20th, 1940 by Ramon Mercader. Bronstein was a Russian marxist who went against Stalin’s beliefs. He was forced to leave the country by Stalin’s wishes. However, before he left he accomplished many things such as helping the Bolsheviks into power and creating the South Russian Workers Union. Lev Bronstein was born on November 8th, 1879 and grew up inRead MoreThe Life of Leon Trotsky Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of Leon Trotsky Leon Trotsky is well recognised as one of the greatest Marxists that ever lived. After being arrested, sentenced to exile twice and supporting the Mensheviks, Trotsky was deported to New York Citywhere he was to be a peaceful, productive member of society. Following the removal of the Tsar during the Russian Revolution, Trotsky returned to Russia in May 1917. In August 1917, Trotsky joined the Central Committee of the Bolshevik party whoseRead MoreLeon Trotsky aka Lev Davidovich840 Words   |  3 PagesLeon Trotsky also known as Lev Davidovich Bronstein was born on November 7, 1879. He was born in Yanovka which is now known as Ukraine. When Trotsky was about eight years old his parents sent him to Odessa school, which is a major cultural center of multi-ethnic population. When he started his last year of schooling, which was when his life as a revolutionary began to take shape. It was in Nikolayev at the age of 17; Trotsky started to skip school and was going to talk with political exiles and alsoRead MoreLeon Trotsky s Influence On The Soviet Revolution1496 Words   |  6 Pages Ms. Zbrzeznj Global Perspectives 13 March 2015 Leon Trotsky Leon Trotsky was a man to be reckoned with. Trotsky was a Marxist revolutionary who played a leading role in the 1905 Revolution, in the eventual Communist Revolution of October 1917, and in the Russian Civil War. Without Trotsky’s impact in the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks would have been defeated. His own beliefs on Marxism combined with his intellect made Trotsky a target and influential leader in the Soviets. From hisRead MoreLeon Trotsky, a Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution and Early Architect of the Soviet State741 Words   |  3 Pageshistorians agree that throughout his political career Trotsky displayed various talents and abilities. However, these skills alone were not enough to enable him to become the supreme leader of the USSR. In the context of the workings of the Bolshevik party to rise to the highest office of the politburo required certain traits and qualities as well as an ability to utilise the party machine and exploit its members-talents, traits an d qualities Trotsky clearly lacked. For these reasons the statement isRead MoreEvaluate the role of Leon Trotsky in Bolshevik success in the period 1917-1924.2345 Words   |  10 PagesLeon Trotsky played a very significant role in the Bolshevik success in the period 1917-1924. According to A.J Koutsoukis , his contributions in the years 1917 to 1924 had been second, if not equal to that of Lenin himself. Trotsky played a significant role in establishing Bolshevik control in Russia. He was also very instrumental and one of the reasons for the Red Army winning the civil war. Trotsky was regarded by his supporters as the saviour for his country for his efforts in organising theRead MoreRussian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution1238 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, many people forget to acknowledge the role played by Leon Trotsky who stood by Lenin s side throughout the Revolution. I believe that Leon Trotsky and his actions during the Russian Revolution were essential to the security of the revolution and therefore his overall impact and status is heroic. Leon Trotsky byname of Lev Davidovich Bronshtein was born in the Ukraine on the 7th of November, 1879. Since a young age, Trotsky had possessed revolutionary ideals and alternative options to theRead More The Work of Frida Kahlo Essay2417 Words   |  10 PagesFridas work, her Self Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trotsky is saturated in sensuality and mystery demanding further investigation. With her directed, seductive gaze Frida holds a private conversation with Leon as she presents herself as a gift to him. In her biography on Kahlo, Hayden Herrera notes Frida was flattered to be loved by the Great Russian, fascinated by his mind and moved by his desire. Frida was delighted to have an affair with Trotsky (Herrera p.212). Kahlos portrait, while presentingRead MoreThe Russian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution1295 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, many people forget to acknowledge the role played by Leon Trotsky who stood by Lenin s side throughout the Revolution. I believe that Leon Trotsky and his actions during the Russian Revolution were essential to the security of the revolution and therefore his overall impact and status is heroic. Leon Trotsky byname of Lev Davidovich Bronshtein was born in the Ukraine on the 7th of November, 1879. Since a young age, Trotsky had possessed revolutionary ideals and alternative options to the

Jungle Rot Free Essays

Tropical ulcers (also commonly known as Jungle Rot) are necrotic painful lesions that are a result from a mixed bacterial infection. These ulcers are common in hot humid tropical or subtropical areas. They are usually found on the lower legs or feet of children and young adults. We will write a custom essay sample on Jungle Rot or any similar topic only for you Order Now Typically, the ulcers have a raised border, and a yellowish necrotic base. The ulcers may heal spontaneously, but in many instances extension may occur which results in deep lesions that can penetrate into muscles, tendons and bone. If the so called Jungle Rot goes untreated it can result in much scar tissue and disability. A person can contract this disease or disorder in the skin from having preexisting abrasions or sores that sometimes begin from a mere scratch. The majority of tropical ulcers will occur below the knee of the patient, usually around the ankle. These lesions can sometimes also occur on the arms, but it is more likely to occur on the lower parts of the body. Most of the people who get this ulcer are subjects with poor nutrition which puts them at a higher risk, or people who do not wear socks or proper footwear and clothing. Jungle rot has been described as a disease of the â€Å"poor and hungry’. Urbanization of populations could be a factor in the disorder seeing as tropical ulcers are usually a rural problem. Sometimes outbreaks can occur; one was recorded in Tanzania in sugarcane workers cutting the crops while barefoot. Another piece of information on these ulcers is that males are more commonly infected than females. There are not really any symptoms from having a tropical ulcer. You are simply Just infected in some way and the ulcer appears. It is initially circular, superficial, very painful, and has purple edges. It will enlarge rapidly across the skin and down into deeper tissues such as the muscle or even the periosteum, which is the fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones. Tropical ulcers (or Jungle Rot) are known to reach several centimeters in diameter after a couple of weeks. The edges will become thickened and raised at this stage of the ulcers growth. The central crater may also become necrotic, or blackened due to the death of tissue. Sometimes, the ulcer becomes foul smelling and quite simply, very nasty looking or else disgusting. Luckily, there are some known treatments for hese ulcers, although not all of the ulcers are treatable. In the early stages of the ulcers growth antibiotics such as penicillin or metronidazole can be used in combination with a topical antiseptic to reduce the size of the ulcer and ultimately clear the ulcer up altogether. For other subjects, if you simply improve nutrition and vitamins into their diet the ulcer can be healed. Sometimes if you Just keep the infected area clan or elevated the area becomes well. In extreme cases, amputation is necessary, but most of the time the Tropical ulcer can be treated with success. The reatments are usually quite affordable, it all Just depends on the person being treated and the amount ot money they nave . This disorder is also curable. The ulcers are known to go away in time as little as a week after being treated. Once a person has been ridded of the ulcer life can go on as normal if the treatment was successful. Sometimes there are complications with the skin pigmentation of the patient after treatment. Victims have been known to have different colors such as bright red, blue, and green around and on the infected area. It is even rare for there to be a color hange from regular pigmentation to orange. Although life goes on normally for some, for others it is different. If a patient’s ulcer grew deep into large muscles or a bone, they can be left walking with a limp or other things such as not being able to use their arm or fingers in such ways like lifting things that they used to be able to. There are also more serious cases involving amputation that can put a person in a handicapped position such as having to use crutches to help walk or only having one arm which limits very many things. There are known to be outbreaks of tropical ulcers, but nothing is said on a person preading the infection to another person physically. How to cite Jungle Rot, Papers

System Design Process Sydney Light Rail Project

Question: Describe about the Report for System Design Process of Sydney Light Rail Project. Answer: Introduction According to the Ministry at Sydney, light rail was poised to have a very bright prospect, as it would help in transportation of a large number of people between various parts of the city. Hence, in 2012, the ministry planned to start a light rail project that will cover the route between Kingsford-Randwick and Circular Quay and will pass through George Street of CBD, Sydney. The route was also expected to cover areas of York Street, Elizabeth Street, Harbour Bridge and George Street (Ney and Gray 2014). These areas have extremely high rush of office passengers and streets get extremely clogged in the rush hours. According to a survey analysis, the congestion expenses may rise to $9 billion by the year 2021. Light Rail can ease the rush easily to a large extent if the project is completed and trains are dispatched at regular intervals according to plan (Hensher 2016). Sydney Ministry also expects a massive economic development of the region if the Light Rail Project is completed succ essfully and very reliable services are provided. Although the project is expected to bring economic prosperity as well as more transport options in Sydney area, there are a large number of challenges in the project that have to be solved before the completion of the project. In 2014, initial part of the project, nearly 6 km track between Dulwich Hill and Lilyfield, was completed. This route is an extension to the Inner West Light Rail of Sydney. Conceptual System Design The project was designed to create a light rail route between Kingsford-Randwick and Circular Quay and will pass through George Street of CBD, Sydney. The route was also expected to cover areas of York Street, Elizabeth Street, Harbour Bridge and George Street. In the city, around 50,000 people use transport during normal hours and during peak hours, the number rises to more than 500,000. For transportation purposes, there are a large number of buses and cars that result in massive traffic congestion during the rush hour (Birdsall 2016). The route of the light rail was carefully selected so that it would pass through the busiest areas of the city. Frequent and reliable services will attract more passengers that would ease the pressure largely from the heavy traffic. According to the proposed system, the light rail route would be created along with the main road routes. However, the geography of the city has made the roadways to be built along ridges and for this reason, less space was available for the light rail route (Olesen and Lassen 2016). Moreover, the existing city plan also permitted limited space for expansion of the roads and hence, the light rail project was always a challenging one to execute. For these reasons, the concept of the system design had to be such that the light rail can be implemented along with the normal roadways. Again, the actual road areas should not be decreased or it will result in more traffic congestion. The proposed route would pass through all the busy areas of the city as well as the most important places during the rush hours (Currie and Burke 2013). According to the analysis conducted by the Sydney ministry, the light rail will be able to transport maximum number of passengers compared to the other general means of transport. Figure 1: Estimated Passenger Capacity for Each Vehicle (Source: mysydney.nsw.gov.au 2012) The key benefits of the Sidney Light Rail Project were expected to be as follows. Increase of Capacity Urban Renewal For a 45m long light car, 300 passengers can be accommodated, that is almost equivalent to 5 normal buses. Heavy crowds and congestion can be reduced by a large extent. Buses can be able to serve more remote areas frequently. More spaces will be freed up, the footpaths will be more safer to the pedestrians. Congestion will be reduced at the heart of the city. An attractive environment will be created for both regular passengers and tourists. Faster and Reliable Service Amenity Improvements Service will be provided every 2-3 minutes for faster and easier transport. Trains will be run right on time. Information board and audio boxes will be installed for notifying the passengers regarding a stoppage or any other announcement. Very effective method of way finding to bus stops, ferry ghats, etc will be used. Computerized ticketing systems will be installed in various outlets as well as on-board. Use of electricity will effectively reduce pollution. Smooth and safe rides will be provided, the rail cars will be air-conditioned and clean. Preliminary System Design For the preliminary system design, a large number of challenges were faced. These were as follows. Ever Growing City Sydney is one of the most busiest and important city of Australia. Along with the growing number of industries and business organizations, the number of working people is growing day by day. These result in growing number of transport commuters in the city. In the city, around 50,000 people use transport during normal hours and during peak hours, the number rises to more than 500,000 (Downs, Cassels and Ericksen 2014). This stat itself is the proof of the rising number of commuters. Due to too many commuters in the rush hour, traffic congestion is very common in the city. According to a survey, to clear congestion and travel only 2.5 km, it takes nearly an hour during the peak time. Urban Renewal Construction of light rail route means the authority must also emphasize on the development and renewal of nearby areas for maximizing profits from passenger income (Ho, Hensher and Mulley 2015). The light rail was poised to reach more areas of the city that will eventually lead to urban renewal. Global Competition With respect to the financial expansion and global reach of the city, the light rail must be developed so that it attracts more tourists from other regions and countries (Burke, Currie and Delbosc 2014). The most modern light rail cars should be installed in order to compete with other cities of the world. Attracting more international passengers will help in generating more revenue for the authority that will ultimately lead to massive financial growth. Figure 2: Inner West Light Rail Route (Completed in 2014) (Source: mysydney.nsw.gov.au 2012) The basic design of the light rail network system was based on the following factors. Customer Priority The services would always be provided based on the customer priorities (Birdsall 2015). According the New South Wales Government, the light rail would be able to provide services to different types of passengers, e.g. Short trip passengers (business, tourism, shopping purposes) Suburb passengers (work, entertainment) Student passengers (school, university, etc.) Patron passengers (major events, race course, etc.) Bypass passengers (rail to road, rail to ferry, etc.) Other passengers (patients, commuters delayed by congestion, etc.) Services After the completion of the initial phase of the project in 2014, as promised, the authority provides light rail services every 2-3 minutes in the rush hour and 6-10 minutes in normal hours (Mulley, Tsai and Ma 2015). The authority always aimed to provide reliable and fast services to the passengers. Simple Traffic and Transportation System During the execution of the project, one of the most important aims of the authority was to reduce the congestion and chaos of the normal roadways and provide smooth and simple light rail services (Miller 2014). The authority also aimed to provide comfort to the passengers as well as producing a more eco-friendly environment. Following this objective, electric powered and air-conditioned light rails were implemented in the light rail route (Peter, Jeffrey and Garry 2013). After starting the route completed in 2014, the congestion and chaos in the nearby road have decreased considerably along with the air pollution around the route. Convenient Ticketing System The authority has opened computerized electronic ticketing system for the light rail services at different outlets as well as on-board. This has made easier for the commuters to buy tickets for their travel (Martin 2014). In the near future, the authority has planned an integrated ticketing system and allowing the use of Opal Cards and e-ticketing system. Detail Design and Development The Inner West Light Rail Expansion Project was completed in 2014. This project covered an overall length of around 6km from Dulwich Hill to Lilyfield. This route has connected a number of key areas of Sidney like Dulwich Hill, Haberfield, Leichhardt as well as other commercial areas like fish markets of Sydney, Paddys Markets, Marketplace of Leichhardt and Capitol Square. This route also acts as a connector between roadways and the heavy rails at Dulwich Hills and Lewisham. The overall expenses of the project went to nearly $180 million. This light rail route was designed in such a way that it acts as an integrating factor for the transportation system of the area (Hensher, Mulley and Rose 2016). In addition to added transportation option, the route acts as a connector between roadways and the heavy rails at Dulwich Hills and Lewisham. Moreover, this route enabled the railway authority to reopen the old Rozelle Rail Freight Corridor. Due to this, the congestion of roads in the nearby area has reduced drastically. The route has been designed such that the commuters can easily access other means of transport after leaving the rail car. The route also touches several major parking spaces as well as major bus terminals, ferry ghats, heavy rail stations, etc. This route also passes through nine busiest parts of the city as Marion, Leichhardt North, Taverners Hill, Hawthorne, Waratah Mills, Arlington, Lewisham West, Dulwich Hill Interchange and Dulwich Grove. Two substations have also been constructed for supplying electrical power to the light rail system (Chandler 2015). In addition to all these, other systems like passenger information system, wildlife protection measures, access paths, lighting facilities and others have been installed. Further construction projects for new routes like CBD and South East Light Rail, George Street and Bus-Light Rail System Integration are currently in progress. Content Case Analysis From the case analysis, the potential of light rail system in Sydney can be estimated very well. Without the light rail system, the transport expenses due to traffic congestion could have risen to $9 billion in a few years, whereas at the expense of only $190 million, one phase of light rail system was complete. This is also more viable in terms of business as it will generate more and more revenue each year with rising popularity of the light rail system. Conclusion From the report, it has been clear that light rail has a very bright future in Australia. Some areas have extremely high rush of office passengers and streets get extremely clogged in the rush hours. According to a survey analysis, the congestion expenses may rise to $9 billion by the year 2021. Light Rail can ease the rush easily to a large extent if the project is completed and trains are dispatched at regular intervals according to plan. Hence, in 2012, the ministry planned to start a light rail project that will cover the route between Kingsford-Randwick and Circular Quay and will pass through George Street of CBD, Sydney. The route was also expected to cover areas of York Street, Elizabeth Street, Harbour Bridge and George Street. In 2014, initial part of the project, nearly 6 km track between Dulwich Hill and Lilyfield, was completed. This route was an extension to the Inner West Light Rail of Sydney. This route has connected a number of key areas of Sidney like Dulwich Hill, H aberfield, Leichhardt as well as other commercial areas like fish markets of Sydney, Paddys Markets, Marketplace of Leichhardt and Capitol Square. This route also acts as a connector between roadways and the heavy rails at Dulwich Hills and Lewisham. The overall expenses of the project went to nearly $180 million. Recommendations The following recommendations can be provided after analyzing the report. The new light rail routes should be created along with the main road routes as well. The actual road areas should not be decreased or it will result in more traffic congestion. The authority must emphasize on the development and renewal of nearby areas for maximizing profits from passenger income. The most modern light rail cars should be installed in order to compete with other cities of the world. References Birdsall, M., 2015. From Metro and Light Rail to Trains and Trams: Exploring Sydney, Australia's Expansive Public Transit Initiatives.Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal,85(11), p.31. Birdsall, M., 2015. From Rapid Transit and Light Rail to Trains and Trams: Exploring Sydney, Australia's Expansive Public Transit Initiatives: PART TWO: SYDNEY'S LIGHT RAIL EXPANSION.Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal,85(12), p.28. Burke, M., Currie, G. and Delbosc, A., 2014. Performance of Australian Light Rail and Comparison with US Trends.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2419), pp.11-22. Chandler, B., 2015. Australia award for urban design presentations in Melbourne.Planning News,41(9), p.6. Currie, G. and Burke, M., 2013, October. Light rail in Australiaperformance and prospects. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum, Brisbane, Australia. Downs, C., Cassels, B. and Ericksen, J., 2014. Case study of rail design on Gold Coast Light Rail.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.76. Hensher, D., Mulley, C. and Rose, J., 2016. Preferences for BRT and light rail.Restructuring Public Transport Through Bus Rapid Transit: An International and Interdisciplinary Perspective, p.209. Hensher, D.A., 2016. Why is Light Rail Starting to Dominate Bus Rapid Transit Yet Again?.Transport Reviews,36(3), pp.289-292. Ho, C., Hensher, D.A. and Mulley, C., 2015. Identifying resident preferences for bus-based and rail-based investments as a complementary buy in perspective to inform project planning prioritisation.Journal of Transport Geography,46, pp.1-9. Martin, S., 2014. Moving beyond cost: Evaluating LRT and BRT options for Australian and New Zealand cities.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.178. Miller, N., 2014. The impact of a new light rail network upon walkability in a central business district. Mulley, C., Tsai, C.H.P. and Ma, L., 2015, September. Does residential property price benefit from light rail in Sydney?. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 37th, 2015, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Mysydney.nsw.gov.au. (2012). Sydneys Light Rail Future: Expanding public transport, revitalising our city. [online] Available at: https://mysydney.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/user-files/uploads/light-rail-future-web.pdf [Accessed 20 Aug. 2016]. Ney, S.M. and Gray, D., 2014. Western Sydney Light Rail-connecting the people of Western Sydney to the future.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.111. Olesen, M. and Lassen, C., 2016. Rationalities and materialities of light rail scapes.Journal of Transport Geography. Peter, N., Jeffrey, K. and Garry, G., 2013. Peak car use and the rise of global rail: why this is happening and what it means for large and small cities.Journal of Transportation Technologies,2013.